Has been "concept" for many years, the "new energy vehicles," has only recently officially entered the official vocabulary.
By the end of June, the Department issued a public letter to the "new energy vehicles production enterprises and product access management rules" (hereinafter "the Rules"), rules for the first
time, defines what constitutes a new energy vehicles: the new energy vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric Automotive (BEV, solar-powered vehicles), fuel cell electric
vehiclesLaptop battery (FCEV), hydrogen engine cars, other new energy sources (such as high-performance storage devices, dimethyl
ether) Automotive and other categories of products.
This behavior indicates that China began to direct as for ordinary cars, the production of new energy vehicles and products, the implementation of enterprise management and access system.
Over the years, new energy vehicles due to lack of the above criteria, there are a lot of uncertainty. The whole industry is stuck in trial production, the experimental stage, but now a
large-scale industrialization of the picture finally presented in front of.
The embarrassment of the pioneers
In China, car manufacturers have to adhere to the "new energy vehicles," the stage, under the new industrial picture is worth Yehao since the lift is Cougerenao matter whether China is staging a
fierce gust of wind on the new energy vehicles onrush.
But there are also cold-shouldered city of those who view the current bearish prospects for the development of new energy vehicles. During this year's Shanghai Auto Show, Geely's vice president
of R & D Zhao Fuquan right CBN, told reporters that within a decade, if the Which companies will fully shift their production focus to a new energy vehicles, it would be certain death.
The late 90s of last century, new energy vehicle technology has begun to gradually surfaced, in which case is the most successful launch of the Toyota Prius, this car car launched in 1997 sounded
the large-scale commercialization of new energy vehicles, the clarion call . As of May of this year, Prius sales in the global total has more than 1.3 million, while the entire Toyota Group sold
1.8 million hybrid vehicles (including Lexus brand).
At first glance a great achievement, but it can hardly cover up the embarrassment behind. First, from the volume point of view, 12 years, Toyota's cumulative sales figures for one year with total
sales of flat Prius in the light vehicle market, this segment has been in Japan jump out in front, but when compared with traditional power, not even in the one order of magnitude.
In addition to other areas outside of Japan, such as China, the introduction of Prius in early 2006, after three years of sales, respectively 2152, 414 and 899, of which 2008 results are in
the ones who enjoy cycling on the basis of 24,000 yuan obtained, Prius is available in the country.
However, even if the Prius a bad performance in the country, compared to the same type of launch Buick LaCrosse hybrid, Honda Civic, Chang'an Jie Xun, Chery A5 it is still very
"successful."
In addition to sales issues, Prius has also met with the plight of the cost, even in the best-selling in Japan, Prius price of 2.05 million yen for each one sold that a loss of ￥ 250,000 (about
RMB 1.9 million). Such a low-cost sales, in addition to and including the Honda Civic, killing one, including competitors, the loss of the price attractive than traditional cars Toyota is
probably the biggest concern.
Into 2009, with sales rising Prius in Japan, the U.S. market have both been in short supply situation. Introduced this year, the third-generation Toyota Prius is the last launch vehicle equipped
with nickel-metal hydride batteries, with the increasingly widespread use of lithium batteries, the future of hybrid and pure electric will be dominated by lithium batteries.
Toyota trying to transition faces a choice: in the end is to expand the nickel-metal hydride battery production lines, to enlarge market share of Prius; or will spend lots Dell laptop batteryof money into R & D and production of lithium batteries, it is necessary to know the
field of lithium, has lagged behind Toyota, Nissan, GM, etc. competitors.
New energy road map
In fact, it is because of Toyota's strong cash flow, as well as hybrid technology consistently put before allowing new energy vehicles ahead of the arrival of the era. Of its development
experiences and lessons of a hybrid will be a whole new energy industry, a valuable asset.
In the just-concluded 2009 annual import car fair, the Toyota Motor Corporation China Office Chief Representative Etsuo Hattori, said: "(China) recently have some manufacturers propaganda, the
coming era of electric vehicles, but even the latest lithium-ion battery, also failed to solve the fundamental problems of electric vehicles. "
Etsuo Hattori think electric vehicles only a small amount of load cell, and as a close-up of small means of transport to use is more realistic.
In early 2009, it is the West Lake in Hangzhou, surprised to find that an ordinary car license hanging ZOTYE 2008ev, Zheliang ordinary license plates hanging from a light vehicle different from
the traditional SUV with the heart, that is, maximum power of 27 kilowatts of lithium batteries, the car endurance mileage more than 200 kilometers, is the first letter of the Ministry of access
to work product catalog, one of the electric vehicle.
In 2009, Chinese electric car can be called the first year of the major automobile enterprises almost invariably in the year to market a mass-produced electric vehicle. In addition to Thai
public, the BYD introduced F3DM, Chery is off the assembly line of the S18.
However, the present state of new energy for the pure electric car's level of development identified is quite conservative. According to the aforementioned letter to the Department of
Public promulgated rules, the new energy automotive products are classified as initial stage, development stage and maturity stages. At maturity, can be an immediate large-scale commercial use,
only lead-acid battery production hybrid passenger cars, pure electric passenger vehicles and pure electric commercial vehicles.
The widespread use of domestic lithium iron phosphate battery technology for passenger cars, according to state regulations, only in the development period. The state has a well-defined product
development period: refers to the basic technical principles of the realization of the path clear, the state and industry standards are not perfect, the initial conditions with industrial
products.
From the development stage point of view, the future of new energy vehicles will follow the hybrid, plug-in combined electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles to develop the
path in order to achieve full electrification of the powertrain. According to international management consulting firm Roland Berger expects that process will last for 20 years, from 2010 ~ 2030.
With the above process at the same time is the new energy technologies in the other direction, namely, the transformation of traditional internal combustion engine to make it smaller, lightweight
technology, more efficient, at the same time you can burn a variety of new fuels, including ethanol, dimethyl ether, bio-diesel, hydrogen and so on.
Look at the layout of the new energy automotive industry, Japanese manufacturers have adopted the line electric powertrain, while the German system vendors are more inclined to improve the line
of internal combustion engines.
However, the new energy technologies will be a trend destined toDell Inspiron 700m batteryreplace
the traditional electric-driven approach, which will allow vehicles to pass as human beings a part of the daily energy use, are unified to the power up.
Technological bottlenecks
Before this, the excessive focus on hybrid technology, Toyota's new energy road map is already lagging behind General Motors, Nissan and other manufacturers. The former can be inserted
electricity production Volt cars will be launched in 2010, which is a pure electric vehicles Leaf will also be available at the end of 2010, while Toyota postponed until the advent of such models
in 2012, the first step from the Lithium battery research in .
Compared with conventional fuels, energy density is the most fundamental problem, every 1 kg of gas can be stored 12 kwh of energy, while 1 kg of lithium-ion batteries can only store a maximum of
0.2 kwh of energy. Storage is equivalent to ordinary passenger car fuel tank (40 kg) of lithium-ion batteries, will weigh 2 tons ~ 3 tons. Li-ion battery like this, not to mention the
nickel-metal hydride batteries and lead-acid batteries of.
Even taking into account the motor with higher efficiency, also need about 700 kilograms of lithium-ion batteries before they can make car ownership is the same as a normal car mileage.
Therefore, the current market for electric vehicles, mileage generally only a quarter of a traditional car.
From the country last year's "10 City, 1000" program of view, electric drive will first be used in public transportation systems, the bus than the average car weight for the batteries have a
better tolerance.
For China, in the field of electric vehicles with the gap between the level of the world's leading not as outsiders thought so small. Electric cars than traditional internal combustion engine
driven vehicles, the powertrain is divided into three parts: the electric motor and batteries.
Batteries, at present, the domestic battery part of the whole industry chain has been formed in order to iron phosphate lithium battery represented by lithium-ion battery technology, electric
vehicles the technology gap with the West, the smallest an advanced level.
Even so, with advanced lithium batteries, domestic technology, still a gap. General Motors, Volt and the congregation Thailand 2008ev By comparison, the battery life (respectively, 10 years, 5
years) and vehicle maximum speed (160 kilometers per hour, respectively, 110 km) area, Volt has an absolute advantage.
Volt lithium battery supplier for the A123,Dell Inspiron 6000 battery the world's three-vehicle
lithium iron phosphate batteries, one of the other two for China's BYD and the United States Vaillant (Valence).
In addition to the battery, the electrical and electronic control technology in China with foreign countries differ greatly. Motor part is the battery of the car driven by the implementation of
key components, at present, applied to pure electric and plug-in vehicles asynchronous motor, in the country is still in the initial stage of research and development; permanent magnet
synchronous motor is also currently a gap in performance.
In electrical control, the Chinese started even later. Battery management system which is still in an early research stage; while DC converter in the current large-scale commercial product, and
not suitable for electric cars. Including the Universal Group, Oneida-driven and other domestic enterprises are exploring aspects of electronic control studies.
Policy of supporting the threshold
In March of this year, "the automobile industry restructuring and revitalization plan" put forward the next three years, the formation of new energy vehicles production capacity 500,000,
accounting for 5% of passenger car sales target, to May, the State Council decided to loan discounting method to make arrangements 20 billion yuan of funds to support the new energy model of
technological change, and then to 6 Yuegong Department announced rules as well as the letter, including Guangzhou, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenzhen and other cities began to develop, including the
purchase of new energy vehicles preferential programs.
Since 2009, the National Automotive Policy is accelerating the development of new energy, but in the specific field of implementation, there are still many steps to wait for the essay.
For example, a large-scale use of electric vehicles currently affecting the biggest obstacle - the cost would be difficult to overcome. To Prius, for example, with the same grade of a normal car
priced at 15 million, while the Prius more the past 10 million; even a light mix of domestic models, consumers will pay for new technologies must be nearly 5 million yuan.
Although the beginning of this year the Ministry launched a public letter to detail the provisions of subsidies for new energy vehicles, but mainly concentrated in the commercial vehicle
field. In the passenger section, state subsidies targeted at the user group purchases, such as taxi companies, enterprises and institutions will receive subsidies, but subsidies for individual
car, although some cities have been a pilot, but the real winners yet to come.
As a new energy consumption, the largest group of vehicles, if the personal consumption subsidies are not flooded, it is difficult to imagine the sales numbers would be a qualitative change.
In addition to the price to be subsidies, construction of related facilities is also troubled by new energy vehicles Sheung Road, the main reason. The lack of charging facilities for electric car
users can be charged anywhere are the root cause.
China currently only in colleges and universities, research institutions, automotive manufacturers and other relevant places to build a dedicated charging facilities, these facilities with
100,000 gas stations nationwide compared to just one ten-thousandth the size.
The supporting environment is almost impossible to imagine a large-scale electric vehicle Sheung scenarios. In May of this year, Nissan first letter of the Ministry signed a contract with the
workers, charging facilities in Wuhan, a model for construction of facilities for charging large-scale construction had begun.
However, the charging system of the future will be the establishment of systems engineering, which includes not only stand-alone charging station, but also including various residential areas and
large car park charging pile construction, billing systems, etc.. Electric-based process, not only for the auto industry itself, have an impact, its impact will spread to the entire surface power
system.
To the national grid, for example, in September 2008 announced that it is in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen to build electric car charging stations, each Charger power station investment
is about 250 thousand yuan. Stay in single-digit charging facilities, is still in pilot stage, is very far away from the large-scale commercial.
Finally, environmentaDell Inspiron 6400 batteryl protection, the automotive industry from the
traditional internal combustion engine technology to electric drive into the fundamental starting point. If the Government takes effect only from the cars generated by energy consumption,
measured by the internal combustion engine vehicles to electric drive into the environmental protection or not, will be very unscientific.
For Japan and France, these countries mainly through nuclear power generation, the electric car is bound to reduce air pollution. But in China, the thermal power plant is still 70% of the
proportion of a dominant position.
China's electric cars do not burn gasoline, have to consume electricity from thermal power plants - that is, China's electric car will be an indirect way, "coal", a new era of "steam." Therefore,
the electric vehicle's "energy-saving emission reduction" effect is not imaginary far from satisfactory.
In addition, the electric motor while using it that 90% of the ultra-high efficiency of 30% instead of the traditional internal combustion engine efficiency, but from power generation to
transmission, and from charge to discharge, the process of this series will also be a waste of energy. If you use thermal energy, the efficiency of the whole process only about 30%, with a
considerable internal combustion engine. These are not calculating production batteries, scrap batteries on the environment heavily polluted.
For the Government, it is sparing no effort to support the development of electric vehicles to support the enterprises to develop new products, but also, more importantly, is the access
threshold, supporting facilities and the overall energy mix to make a fuss.
If these links do not change, then China will be difficult to grasp the new energy revolution to the automobile industry has brought historic opportunity.
The classification of new energy vehicles
At present, the new energy vehicles, there are two classifications, according to fuel division and classified according to driver type.
Accordance with the power source to divide, new energy is in addition to traditional gasoline and diesel fuel other than "fuel." This includes the liquefied gas fuels (natural gas, CNG Dell Inspiron E1705 batteryliquefied petroleum gas LPG); biomass fuels (ethanol, bio-diesel); coal
chemical fuel (dimethyl ether, methanol, gasoline); power (all types of batteries, super capacitors); hydrogen; Hybrid (traditional gasoline and diesel + battery).
In accordance with the type-driven point of view, internal combustion engine in the new energy vehicles in place, the new engines will be mainly in gasoline and diesel alternative fuels,
including CNG, LPG, ethanol, biodiesel, dimethyl ether, methanol, gasoline, liquefied hydrogen and the fuel mixture; motor drive, here covering the various types of batteries (lead-acid
batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries), super capacitors and hydrogen fuel cells.
